How swing states came to be critical in U.S. presidential elections

Marie Guenther votes at the Bay View Library with her son Ephraim by her side on October 20, 2020 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Today is the first day of early voting in Wisconsin, which is considered a battleground state for the 2020 presidential election. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images)

When Swarthmore, Pa., resident Scott Richardson first voted in a U.S. presidential election, it was for Democrat Jimmy Carter in 1976.

Richardson cast his ballot for Republican Donald Trump in 2016. But after being disillusioned by Trump’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Richardson chose Democrat Joe Biden in the 2020 election.

“It’s almost 50/50 who I have voted for,” Richardson, a former restaurateur, said of the political affiliations of his chosen presidential candidates over the years. “It has never been related to [political] party. I kind of felt like I was voting for an individual.”