How Can You Tell If A COVID-19 Vaccine Is Working?

A scientist at work on a COVID-19 vaccine candidate at Bogazici University in Istanbul in August.

Onur Coban / Anadolu Agency via Getty Images

Several vaccines are currently in large-scale studies to see if they can prevent COVID-19, and more are on the way.

President Trump has been hinting that a vaccine could be ready before the end of October, but Moncef Slaoui, chief scientific adviser to the administration’s Operation Warp Speed, downplayed that possibility in an interview on NPR’s All Things Considered.

“There is a very, very low chance that the trials that are running as we speak could read before the end of October,” Slaoui said.